Ikiganiro cya 7/15
Urupapuro 4/5 Umutwe w’ikiganiro B: Imyaka iri hagati y’3 na 18Umutwe w’ikiganiro B: Imyaka iri hagati y’3 na 18
Iyo abana barengeje imyaka itatu bashyizwe mu miryango ibarera baba bamaze kugira igihe cyo kwimenya bakaba bashobora no kwibuka ibihe byo gutandukana. Baba bamenyereye ababyeyi, ku buryo iyo badafashwe neza bishobora gutera ibibazo bihoraho. Niba umwana yaratandukanyijwe n’ababyeyi mu buryo bugoye – cyangwa mu gihe kirekire – kubasubiza ku murongo biterwa n’ubushake abantu bakuru bafasha abana bagaragaza bwo kuganira na we ku byamubayeho.
- Hari abana banga kuvuga ku byahise kugira ngo batongera kugira akababaro.
- Hari abana bigira abarakare, ibintu byose bakabisuzugura ntibabe bakwemera kwiyegereza bagenzi babo. Agira ati “nta muntu mpangayikiye, nta nshuti nkeneye cyangwa uwo ari we wese. Nta kintu nshaka, nimundeke!” (reba ingamba zo kutagira umuntu ukunda mu kiganiro cya 9). Iyi myifatire irumvikana kubera ko bituma umwana atongera kugira ikibazo cyo gutandukana mu gihe nta muntu yiyegereje – baba bahari cyangwa badahari, ntacyo bihindura kuri we.
- Hari abana bahora bakeneye undi muntu, abo wakwita “umwana mwiza”, buri gihe baba bemeranya n’ababarera. Bakora uko bashoboye ngo batagira uwo bahangana kandi ntibagira igitekerezo bwite kandi ntibavuguruza ababarera. Bagira bati: “mbwira icyo nza gukora, njye ndumva ntabyo nzi”. Baba batinya gufata icyemezo kubera ko baba banga kudahuza n’ibyo abandi bashobora gutekereza.
- Hari abana bagerageza kuba ba “ntamakemwa”: buri kintu bakoze baba bashaka ko kiba cyiza cyane, bagahora basuzuma ko ibyo bakoze bimeze neza. Batinya gukora agakosa niyo kaba gato cyangwa kudakora igikorwa gishyitse. Baterwa ipfunwe cyane n’imbogamizi cyangwa agakosa baba bakoze: “ibyo nkora byose bimera nabi, ntacyo nshoboye, ibintu byose birananira nubwo naba nakoresheje imbaraga. Ndi ikigoryi, ndifuza gupfa, n’ibindi”.
- Hari abana bahora bahangayitse ugasanga bahora bakubagana. Ntibashobora kwicara hamwe ngo batuze kandi ugasanga bahora bavuga, ibi bikerekana ko atari ugukubagana gusanzwe ku mwana, ahubwo ari ukubera umwana aba adashaka kuguma hamwe kugira ngo adatekereza ku byamubayeho mu gihe cyashize.
- Hari abana bahitamo kwigunga. Bakaba ukwabo mu cyumba, kuri mudasobwa cyangwa mu dukinisho twabo bakanga gusabana n’abandi bana. Banga ahantu hose hari ubusabane bagahorana impamvu zo kutitabira ubutumire bw’abandi. Mu bitekerezo byabo baba bibwira bati: “Nta uzongera kunyanga kubera ko nta nshuti cyangwa gusabana nshaka”.
Hari n’abana bifungirana mu kwanga ababyeyi babo cyangwa abo batandukanye. Ibi bituma batagira ikibazo cyo kubakumbura.
Ikindi, ubushakashatsi bugaragaza ko iyo abantu bakuru bafasha abana biyibagije akababaro umwana yatewe no gutandukana, bituma adakemura ibyo bibazo kandi bikagira ingaruka zitari nziza mu mikurire ye. Urugero, iyo umwana arerewe mu wundi muryango, bimutera ipfunwe. Bituma abana bumva bahawe akato kandi igihe babaye bakuru bababazwa no kuba batarakuriye aho bagombaga gukurira. Ibi bituma abana benshi bagira ihahamuka bikagira n’ingaruka zitari nziza mu buzima bwabo. Iyo ubajije abana barerewe mu yindi miryango hari ikintu kimwe bahuriraho iyo basubiza. Bagira bati: “Nta wigeze anganiriza ku kintu cy’ingirakamaro kurusha ibindi: kuba narabuze ababyeyi banjye”.
Niyo mpamvu umurimo wawe ari ugutegura uburyo umwana agira ubwisanzure bwo kuganira ku byamubayeho mu bihe byashize. Ibi bishobora gukorwa mu buryo butandukanye.
Ugomba guteganya uburyo uzaganiriza umwana ku kibazo cyo gutandukana. Urugero rwiza n’igihe muba mufite icyo muri gukora, umwana yicaye ku meza ashushanya cyangwa akora umukoro, wowe utetse, cyangwa se mugashaka undi mwanya nk’igihe muganira nijoro mbere yo kuryama. Uyu ni umwanya mwiza wo kuganira. Fata umwanya uhagije, ibi ushobora kuba warabitekerejeho mu gihe cy’ibyumeru cyangwa imyaka. Buri gihe umwana akuze ageze mu cyiciro runaka, urongera ukamuganiriza.
Reba iyi videwo na Peter, uba muri SOS Arusha, Tanzania. Peter aratuganiriza uko yakuriye mu muryango wamwakiriye n’uburyo umubyeyi yabashije kumurera akanamushyigikira gukura neza.
- Soma ibyanditse haruguru ku mutwe witwa: “Ingamba zidashyitse umwana akoresha kugira ngo atumva ko yataye agaciro”.
- Shakisha ingamba zihuje n’izo umwana urera akoresha. Nugira umwanya wumva wowe n’uwo mwana mumeze neza, mubwire ko ushaka ko muganira ku buryo abana bifata mu gihe bagize ikibazo cyo gutandukana n’umuntu bakunda (umu mama, umu papa, umuvandimwe cyangwa itungo yakundaga).
- Ganiriza umwana ku myitwarire afite hanyuma umusobanurire ko abana benshi ariko bitwara mu gihe batandukanye n’umuntu bakundaga. Urugero: “Hari igihe umwana abura umuntu yakundaga, bigatuma bagira ubwoba ko bashobora kubura undi muntu bakunda. Bigatuma banga kuganira n’abandi maze bakaba mu bwigunge. Abana benshi barabikora kandi birumvikana, kubera ko iyo bigumiye mu cyumba ntibagire inshuti bituma nta undi muntu wongera kubanga. Ibi ni ibintu byumvikana!”
- Ikindi, ushobora kuganiriza umwana ku byakubayeho ukiri umwana: “Igihe nanganaga nawe, papa na mama bahoraga mu mirimo, bigatuma nguma njyenyine. Ubwo nageragezaga kwegera abandi bana ngo tube inshuti, ntibabyemeraga. Byatumye mpitamo kwihugiraho, nta muntu nashakaga ko tuvugana kubera ko sinabaga nzi ko bankunda. Maze kuba mukuru, naje kumenya ko abana benshi ari ko bifata, kandi ntekereza ko ari ibintu byumvikana, kubera ko bituma nta undi muntu wongera kubanga”.
- Ushobora gusoma cyangwa ugahimba umugani ujyanye n’umwana utaritaweho, urugero Oliver Twist (cyangwa indi nkuru bisa umwana ashobora kwiyumvamo, iboneka mu gihugu cyawe). Mu gihe umucira uwo mugani, mubaze niba yumva ibyo umwana wo mu nkuru yumva kandi atekereza.
- Ushobora gukoresha udupupe, udushushanyo cyangwa utundi dukinisho ukina n’umwana. Ushobora kuvuga ku mwana ababyeyi basize cyangwa bitabye Imana, umwana agashaka uburyo bwo gukemura icyo kibazo.
- Abana bakuru cyangwa abasore n’abangavu: Ushobora guha umwana telefoni igendanwa (cyangwa kamera ifata videwo) ukamufasha gutegura filime cyangwa ikiganiro ku birebana n’uburyo yabyitwayemo abura ababyeyi be cyangwa abandi yakundaga. Niba ufite murandasi, ushobora gufasha umwana gukoresha urubuga nka Facebook agashyikirana n’abandi bana barererwa mu bigo.
- Niba ufitanye imibanire myiza na mwalimu w’umwana, musabe gutegura ikiganiro kijyanye no “Kubura umuntu cyangwa ikintu ukunda”. Mwalimu afasha abana bose kugira icyo bavuga ku kubura umuntu bakundaga, urugero sogokuru/nyogokuru cyangwa undi muntu cyangwa ikintu. Abana bashobora kwifashisha inyandiko, ikinamico, n’ibindi. Ushobora kuganira na mwarimu ku buyo wafasha umwana kuvuga ku kibazo cyo kubura umuntu yakundaga.
Muri iki gihe kibanza, ibi nibyo wafasha umwana kugeraho: kumufasha gukira avuga ku byamubayeho, umuganiriza kandi umutega amatwi.
Urugero:
“Ubwo nagumaga mu cyumba nshushanya, naje gusanga ko maze kuba mukuru namenye gushushanya. Icyo nicyo cyiza cya mbere. Ariko kandi nagiraga irungu cyane kubera ko ntabashaga kugira inshuti. Buri gihe nageragezaga gusohoka nahitaga nkinga umuryango kuko natinyaga ko abandi bana batanyakira. Ikibi nabonye n’uko ntawe nagiraga nkina nawe, nta mwana nasabaga kumbera inshuti kwishuri, ni ibintu bibabaza cyane”.
Ibi bigufasha kwereka umwana ko ingamba afata zituma agira ubwoba bwo kubana n’abandi ariko zigatuma aba mu bwigunge. Ushobora kuvuga ku buryo umwana agira ubwobo bwo kudakundwa cyangwa kubura uwo akunda.
Urugero:
“Hari umunsi nagize igitekerezo ko ninguma mu cyumba nshobora kuzaheranwa n’ubwigunge. Natinyaga kubwira umuntu ngo ambere inshuti. Ariko masenge yambwiye ko mu gihe ushaka inshuti, abantu umunani baraguhakanira, abantu babiri bakakwemerera, ariko abo babiri bavamo inshuti magara. Ikindi yambwiye ko kurerwa n’abandi ntawe bikwiye gutera ipfunwe. Mu by’ukuri, hari ibihumbi by’abana batarerwa n’ababyeyi babo. Ibyo byatumye ntangira gutumira abandi bana tugakina tuvuye kw’shuri, masenge akamfasha kubaganiriza. Abenshi barabyanze, ariko umwe yarabyemeye, aza kumbera inshuti y’igihe kirekire. Byaba byiza uretse kugira ubwoba ugatumira abandi bana, mukajya mukina”.
Cyangwa: Iyo wigunze bigutera kubabara, ugahora utongana, bigatuma noneho urushaho kwigunga. Menya ko kwigunga ishobora kuba ariyo mpamvu ituma ugira uburakari”.